Section 58.- Whenever it appears to the Court, or from the statement of the prosecutor or the official that, within the period of time determined by the Court according to Section 56, the sentenced person has committed an offence which is not an offence committed by negligence or a petty offence, and the Court passes judgment inflicting the punishment of imprisonment for such offence, the Court passing judgment in the latter case shall determine the punishment not yet determined in the former case and add it to the punishment in the latter case, or shall add the punishment of the infliction of which has been suspended in the former case to the punishment in the latter case, as the case may be.

But if, within the period of time determined by the Court according to Section 56, such person has not committed an offence as mentioned in the first paragraph, such person shall pass from having the punishment determined or from being inflicted with the punishment in that case, as the case may be.

 

CHAPTER 4

CRIMINAL LIABILITY

 

Section 59.- A person shall be criminally liable only when such person commits an act intentionally, except in case of the law provides that such person must be liable when such person commits an act by negligence, or except in case of the law clearly provides that such person must be liable even though such person commits an act unintentionally.

To commit an act intentionally is to do an act consciously and at the same time the doer desired or could have foreseen the effect of such doing.

If the doer does not know the facts constituting the elements of the offence, it cannot be deemed that the doer desired or could have foreseen the effect of such doing.

To commit an act by negligence is to commit an offence unintentionally but without exercising such care as might be expected from a person under such condition and circumstances, and the doer could exercise such care but did not do so sufficiently.

An act shall also include any consequence brought about by the omission to do an act which must be done in order to prevent such consequence.

 

Section 60.- Whenever any person intends to commit an act against a person, but the effect of the doing of such act occurs to another person mistakenly, it shall be deemed that such person intentionally commits such act against the person who suffers from the bad effect of such doing.

But, in case of the law provides for the infliction of heavier punishment on account of individual status or the relation between the doer and the person suffering from the bad effect, such law shall not be applied so as to inflict the heavier punishment on the doer.

 

Section 61.- Whenever any person intends to commit an act against a person, but commits such act against another person by mistake, such person may not raise the mistake as an excuse that such person did not intentionally commit such act.